Born in Bordj Menaiel, Boumerdes, Chaouchi was born to Houria and Rachid Chaouchi a former goalkeeper himself that played for JS Bordj Menaiel. It was his father Rachid Chaouchi that noticed Faouzi's talent when he watched him play with other children in their neighbourhood. A few days later Faouzi asked his father if he could sign the authorization form so that he could join the JS Bordj Menaiel youth team. According to his mother he abandoned his education in favour of having a career in what he loved most - football, which angered her at the time, but acknowledged that she knew he had a great future ahead of him in football at the time.

Chaouchi received his first call-up to the Algerian national team on 4 February 2008 for training which was due to be held in France, after his good form for club JS Kabylie did not go unnoticed by the national team coach Saadane. On 26 March 2008, he made his debut for Algeria in a friendly against DR Congo coming on as a substitute at half-time for Lounes Gaouaoui.  On 18 November 2009, Chaouchi was selected to play fierce rivals Egypt in what was to be the most important game of his football career, the reward being the remaining African place for the 2010 World Cup finals as first-choice goalkeeper Lounes Gaouaoui was ruled out through suspension.  Chaouchi put in a heroic performance in the play-off as he constantly denied Egypt to send Algeria through to the 2010 FIFA World Cup, with the final score being 1-0 with centre-back Antar Yahia scoring the only goal with a stunning first-half volley at an angle eight yards out from Karim Ziani's punt into the box. After his heroic performance Chaouchi gave Saadane something to think about whilst preparing for the 2010 African Cup of Nations.  In December 2009, Chaouchi was selected by Saadane to play in the 2010 African Cup of Nations hosted in Angola. He was normally regarded as second-choice goalkeeper under coach Rabah Saadane, who had been using Lounes Gaouaoui as his first-choice goalkeeper, but due to Chaouchi's heroic performance in Khartoum and Lounes Gaouaoui withdrawing from the 2010 African Cup of Nations due to an attack of acute appendicitis, Rabah Saadane did not hesitate in using Chaouchi as first-choice goalkeeper in the 2010 African Cup of Nations. Chaouchi's sending off in the semi-final against Egypt for receiving two cautions along with his head-butting of referee Coffi Codjia saw him earn a suspension for 3 matches and $10,000 fine from CAF.  Chaouchi started his country's first match of the World Cup against Slovenia and was at fault for the Slovenian winner scored by captain Robert Koren. The goalkeeper allowed the shot to squirm past his body, condemning Algeria to a 1-0 defeat. He was replaced by Rais M'Bohli for the match against England.

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