Question:
The phonograph is a device for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound. In its later forms, it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910), or, since the 1940s, a record player. The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a "record" or "vinyl". To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound.
In American English, "phonograph", properly specific to machines made by Edison, was sometimes used in a generic sense as early as the 1890s to include cylinder-playing machines made by others. But it was then considered strictly incorrect to apply it to Emile Berliner's upstart Gramophone, a very different machine which played discs. "Talking machine" was the comprehensive generic term, but in the early 20th century the general public was increasingly applying the word "phonograph" indiscriminately to both cylinder and disc machines and to the records they played. By the time of the First World War, the mass advertising and popularity of the Victor Talking Machine Company's Victrolas (a line of disc-playing machines characterized by their concealed horns) was leading to widespread generic use of the word "victrola" for any machine that played discs, which were however still called "phonograph records" or simply "records", almost never "victrola records".  After electrical disc-playing machines started appearing on the market during the second half of the 1920s, usually sharing the same cabinet with a radio receiver, the term "record player" was increasingly favored by users when referring to the device. Manufacturers, however, typically advertised such combinations as "radio-phonographs". Portable record players (no radio included), with a latched cover and an integrated power amplifier and loudspeaker, were fairly common as well, especially in schools and for use by children and teenagers.  In the years following the Second World War, as "hi-fi" (high-fidelity, monophonic) and, later, "stereo" (stereophonic) component sound systems slowly evolved from an exotic specialty item into a common feature of American homes, the description of the record-spinning component as a "record changer" (which could automatically play through a stacked series of discs) or a "turntable" (which could hold only one disc at a time) entered common usage. By about 1980 the use of a "record changer", which might damage the stacked discs, was widely disparaged. So, the "turntable" emerged triumphant and retained its position to the end of the 20th century and beyond. Through all these changes, however, the discs have continued to be known as "phonograph records" or, much more commonly, simply as "records".  The brand name Gramophone was not used in the USA after 1901, and the word fell out of use there, although it has survived in its nickname form, Grammy, as the name of the Grammy Awards. The Grammy trophy itself is a small rendering of a gramophone, resembling a Victor disc machine with a taper arm.  Modern amplifier-component manufacturers continue to label the input jack which accepts the output from a modern magnetic pickup cartridge as the "phono" input, abbreviated from "phonograph".
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What were the first uses for the Phonograph in the United States?

Answer:
cylinder-playing machines made by others.


Question:
Namie Amuro (An Shi Nai Mei Hui , Amuro Namie, born September 20, 1977) is a Japanese recording artist, dancer, model, actress and entrepreneur. A leading figure of the Japanese entertainment industry since the early 90s, Amuro is known for breaking the youthful idol stereotype with her experimentation with different music styles in Japan and throughout the Western world, as well as visual imagery in music videos and on stage. Due to her longevity and resilience within the industry, she is referred to as the "Queen of Japanese Pop" and has constantly been recognized as the Japanese equivalent to leading Western artists such as Madonna and Janet Jackson. Born in Naha, Okinawa, Amuro debuted at age 14 as an idol singer in the band Super Monkey's.
In March 2010, Amuro won the "Best Asian Artist" award at the World Music Awards in Monaco; there, she performed her track "Hide & Seek" from her album Play. On July 28, she released her double A-side singles "Break It" and "Get Myself Back", which performed well on several record charts in Japan. Furthermore, she released the live DVD for her Past < Future tour on December 15, which reached the top spot on the Oricon DVD charts and shifted over 100,000 copies.  On April 27, 2011, Amuro published her second collaboration effort Checkmate!. Her first musical release of the year, the record featured nine collaborative tracks that she had participated with throughout her career, and also released four new recordings to promote it; "Wonder Woman", "Make It Happen", "Unusual" and "#1's". The album was a commercial success, reaching the top spot on Oricon and distributed over 500,000 units in Japan. Three months later, she released her first ever triple A-side singles, "Naked/Fight Together/Tempest". Although it reached number two on the Oricon Singles Chart, "Fight Together" was used as the official theme song for the Japanese anime series One Piece, and achieved better sales through digital stores; it was certified Platinum by RIAJ.  At the end of July that same year, Amuro conducted her first arena tour titled Live Style, which commemorated her 20th anniversary in the music business; additionally, the tour was to promote her Checkmate! album and some new material taken from her then-upcoming studio record. "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!" and "Love Story" were the next A-side singles from her studio album, and both premiered on December 7, 2011. Though the physical release exceeded 100,000 units in Japan, the latter track shifted over three million digital copies throughout Japan, one of her highest-selling singles to date. The single also featured two unreleased tracks; "Higher" and "Airigatou". The former track made an appearance on her Live Style tour, whereas the latter recording was made available as a free download on her Facebook page.  The final singles, "Go Round/Yeah-Oh!", were released in late March 2012, and continued the 100,000 sales streak in Japan. In April, the singer confirmed the release of her studio album Uncontrolled, which was scheduled for June 27, 2012. The album proved to be commercially successful, reaching the top spot on the Oricon Albums Chart and shifted 500,000 units throughout Japan. Uncontrolled also gave her the highest first-week sales of the year, and her 10th overall number one in the region. On September 16, Amuro was scheduled to host a special concert in her hometown Okinawa, commemorating her 20th anniversary in the music business. However, due to a typhoon warning in the region, this was cancelled and never re-scheduled. After debuting her first digital single "Damage" on October 31, she finished the year by starting her 5 Major Dome tours in Japan, which resulted in being the highest-attended dome tour by a female Japanese artist.
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What is the name of one of her albums?

Answer:
Checkmate